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2021
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Classification of mold materials
Molds are important process equipment for material forming and processing, and are one of the essential foundations for industrial production in sectors such as machinery, electronics, light industry, and national defense. The use of molds can achieve less or no cutting processing, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs. Due to the characteristics of high yield, high quality, and low consumption in mold forming, it enhances production efficiency and lowers costs. Mold forming is widely applied because of its high output, high quality, and low consumption. Among them, 60% to 70% of the forming processing for electromechanical products like airplanes, cars, and tractors; 80% to 90% for household appliances and plastic products.
Molds are important process equipment for material forming and processing, and are one of the important foundations for industrial production in machinery, electronics, light industry, national defense, and other sectors. The use of molds can achieve less or no cutting processing, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs. Due to the characteristics of high yield, high quality, and low consumption in mold forming, production efficiency is enhanced and costs are lowered. Mold forming is widely used because of its high yield, high quality, and low consumption. Among them, 60% to 70% of the forming processing of electromechanical products such as airplanes, automobiles, and tractors; 80% to 90% of the forming processing of household appliances and plastic products. With the rapid development of the mold industry, higher requirements have been put forward for the service life and processing accuracy of molds.
Classification of mold materials
According to different usage conditions, mold materials can be divided into several categories such as cold working mold materials, hot working mold materials, plastic mold materials, and other mold materials; each category is further divided into several subcategories.
Cold working mold materials are widely used; their main performance requirements are strength, hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. In recent years, the use of carbon tool steel has decreased significantly; among them, high alloy steel molds account for the highest proportion. Cold work tool steel mainly consists of high carbon alloy steel and belongs to heat-treated reinforced steel with a hardness greater than 58HRC. Low alloy cold working tool steel is usually 9CrWMn and is generally only used for simple molds produced in small batches or for test molds with lower impact. Cr12 type high carbon alloy steel is a commonly used material for most molds. This type of steel has high strength and wear resistance but lower toughness.
The series classification of hot work materials is generally not as complete as that of cold work materials except for a few types that are particularly widely used. When selecting hot work materials, mechanical properties should consider both thermal strength and crack resistance.
Due to the diversity in working conditions, manufacturing methods, precision requirements, and durability demands for plastic molds, there is a wide range in the composition range for steels used in plastic molds; various high-quality steels have their applications leading to a broad series of materials for plastic molds.
Other mold materials include casting mold steels, non-ferrous alloy mold materials, glass mold materials, special new type mold materials etc.
Mold
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